Chipotle - 3775 Words

Chipotle Mexican Grill in 2012- Can it hit a second home run? CONTENTS. Executive summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 1. Core competences†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...4 2. SWOT analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 3. Value chain†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...6 4. the chief components of strategy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 5. the generic competitive strategies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..8 6. strategy analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....8 a. the general comparison†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...8 b. financial and operating performance analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.......9 c. competitive strength comparison†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..9†¦show more content†¦Steve Ells is a chairman and CEO of Chipotle, and he wanted to transform the food from serving fast but low quality to high quality. By year-end 2005, Chipotle had 489 locations in 24 states. With an unusua lly limited menu and the ability to have a customer’s order ready quickly, Chipotle can serve 300 customers in an hour, keep the number of customers waiting in line at peak hours to a tolerable minimum. Chipotle has re-vamped their mission statement to a simple but effective, â€Å"Food with Integrity.† This embodies Chipotle’s position on the importance of using animals that are naturally raised in â€Å"happy† environments. Chipotle believes it is important for people to know where their food comes from. II. ANALYSIS. II.1.CORE COMPETENCES. Some of the value chain activities that Chipotle perform especially well are: 1. Top - quality of products: organic beans, organic dairy products, natural meats from animal without antibiotics and growth hormones to speed weight gain†¦ †¢ 100% of pork from naturally raised pigs from those producers who can meet Chipotle strict guidelines. †¢ 85% of beef comes from farms held with the same criteria. †¢ 100% of dairy comes from cows that have never received the rBGH hormone. 2. Healthier ingredients compared to other fast food establishments (compare a Chipotle burrito with a McDonalds hamburger). 3. Friendly with environment: using ingredients which are avoidedShow MoreRelatedChipotle18199 Words   |  73 PagesPrepared for: Chipotle Submitted By: December 14, 2011 I. Introduction to Chipotle Introduction Chipotle Mexican Grill is a leading force in its commitment to buy food from sustainable sources that do not have a negative impact on its menu pricing. Besides leading the way in the fast casual dining experience, it also supports farming initiatives that develop and practice best standards. Chipotle is also active in its environmental commitment to working to reduce its carbon footprintRead MoreEssay Chipotle1080 Words   |  5 PagesCase 5-gt; Chipotle: The Challenges of Integrity External Assessment a) General Environment Due to the fact that Chipotle is worried about providing customers with the best possible ingredients and in the same time, concerned of taking care about environment, animals as well as farmers, which in this case, are the main suppliers, we can encapsulate Chipotle in a Sociocultural segment. Another point that reinforces this statement is related to their employees and the way they benefitRead MoreThe Millennial Crisis : Love / Hate With Chipotle E Coli992 Words   |  4 PagesCrisis: Love/hate with Chipotle e Coli. Crisis Chipotles reputation and product were nothing short of stellar. Attracting customers from all walks of life but primarily from the millennial generation. The millennial generation tends to like simple, fresh food without artificial flavors or fillers from environmentally friendly restaurants. Chipotle in turns targets the millennial generation as one of their main stakeholders. For a time, the symbiotic relationship between Chipotle and the millennialsRead MoreFinancial Analysis: Chipotle1742 Words   |  7 Pages Company Background Chipotle Mexican Grill was a concept turned reality by a gentleman by the name of Steve Ells. Chipotle Mexican Grill provides excellent Mexican cuisine driven by a concept of â€Å"Food with Integrity†. The first chipotle Mexican grill was opened in 1993 in Denver Colorado. By the end of 1995 there were three. In 1996 alone, Steve Ells opened five more Denver-area restaurants growing by a total of eight stores in three years. By 1998 Chipotle Mexican Grill was showing muchRead MoreChipotle Swot Analysis2603 Words   |  11 PagesChipotle’s History: Chipotle Mexican Grill was originally opened in 1993, in Denver, Colorado. By 1996, there were eight Chipotle serving the Denver area. Chipotle brings on outside investors in 1998, and by 1999 McDonald’s became Chipotle’s majority holder. The company went public in 2006 and listed under NYSE with symbol: CME. As of Dec 2011, the company operates 1,230 restaurants in the U.S., two in Toronto, Canada, and two in London, England. The founder and CEO, Steve Ells, started withRead MoreThe Idea Of Chipotle Company1375 Words   |  6 PagesI. Overview The idea of Chipotle started with its founder, chairman and co-CEO, Steve Ells. His idea was to offer higher quality food, combined with the speed and convenience of fast food, giving birth to a new trend: â€Å"fast casual†. Chipotle offers a focused menu of burritos, tacos, burrito bowls (a burrito without the tortilla) and salads made from fresh, high-quality raw ingredients, prepared using classic cooking methods and served in a distinctive atmosphere. Chipotle opened with a single restaurantRead MoreChipotle : A Unique Experience1728 Words   |  7 PagesChipotle has many core competencies that make the restaurant have a unique experience. First, the restaurant believes in selling quality food at reasonable prices. Unlike other fast food restaurants, Chipotle has a commitment to â€Å"Food with Integrity† which increases the use of organically grown local produce, organic beans, organic dairy products, and meats from animals that were raised in accordance with animal welfare standards. This competency alone makes the restaurant stand out immenselyRead MoreStrengths And Strengths Of Chipotle1509 Words   |  7 PagesStrengths Strength 1: Largest Restaurant Chain in Market Segment, with highest share Chipotle has the largest share of the fast casual marketing segment in the Unites States. Chipotle has over 1,400 locations and plans to open an additional 140 locations this year. By holding the largest share of the market, Chipotle is able to trial, expand, and experiment with new ideas in certain geographic locations. Chipotle is able to trial new menu items and not have it affect the bottom line, and in additionRead MoreChipotle Mexican Grill ( Cmg )1423 Words   |  6 Pages Chipotle Mexican Grill (CMG) was founded in Denver, Colorado in 1993. It began when American’s were visiting fast food chains on a much more regular basis than in years past. Places like McDonald’s, Burger King, and Taco Bell initially seemed to be competition for Chipotle. However, a recent shift towards healthy eating, organic produce, and grass-fed meats has shifted the favor towards Chipotle. At the end of 2015, Chi potle Mexican Grill owned and operated 1,971 locations in the United States aloneRead MoreChipotle For The Fast Food Industry1088 Words   |  5 PagesI choose to explore Chipotle for this assignment because this brand has become a staple in the fast food industry in what I perceive a very short amount of time. I am currently a loyal customer of Chipotle, I have been eating at this restaurant for about 7 years now. I perceive this brand to represent quality fast food, consistently. The first Chipotle opened in Denver, Colorado in 1993, the business has now been operating almost 20 years. â€Å"The Big Three† - Mc’Donald’s (1940), Burger King (1954)

Week 1 Business Trends Assignment Free Essays

Week 1 Business Trends Assignment Tanahya Young XCOM/285 ESSENTIALS OF MANAGERIAL COMMUNICATION 3/3/2013 ALISA JACKSON Communicating on the Job The communication involvement daily is a valued part of my process to complete the details of duties outline in my position description. I am required to listen to the spoke and unspoken during interactions with clients. My organization requires that myself and team members have efficient communication with each other and the clients that require our professional assistance. We will write a custom essay sample on Week 1 Business Trends Assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now The communication with in the office must stay a flow along with all lines of the process. There is an immediate demand for effective communication from the processing department, to the office and directly to the client themselves. Management with Communication Technology maintains and organizes my daily activities. Technology advancements provide instant communication with the click of a button. I use several computer software databases daily to access much needed information. Moreover, technology makes communications across the globe seem much closer. Instant communication access assists daily with contacting others with in the organization in other locations especially since many are in other locations. Almost all office employees are expected to know how to navigate through the Web and to use word processing, e-mail, spreadsheet, database, and presentation software. Trends in Business Communication Keeping a look out for trends in business in my organization is a way of supplying efficient customer service. When there is a trend identified the communication factor is a must to get the message out. The next line of business once a trend has been identified is to define and map out a plan for resolving the issue. Identifying trends and solving the issue of the trend is a team effort. There is involvement with revealing where the issue evolved from and all of the subject matter that created the issue. Then there is a process of elimination with every team member’s input on their take of the trend where email, Same Time communications and direct letters to clientele for notification. How to cite Week 1 Business Trends Assignment, Essay examples

REF Syllabus free essay sample

Because over 60% of the total of single-family debt in the US had been securities by 2006, the bursting bubble in home prices was felt throughout the global economy. The recession also cut off access to the capital market, which had been providing 30% of debt capital for CREE and drove down perceived values. Since real estate is a capital-intensive asset class, more so than most other classes, the subsequent reduction of debt sources and the tightening of underwriting standards greatly reduced real estate transactions and consequently prices of real estate. This course will cover, briefly, different structures of single-family retrogress, but primarily focus on the financing and investment of CREE, the impact of debt on equity turns, the concepts underlying the characterization of CREE debt and equity. 2. Prerequisites and Course Materials Satisfactory completion of FIN 3000 is a prerequisite for this course, in particular, a solid understanding of the basic tools of finance: discounting of cash flows and the time value of money. We will write a custom essay sample on REF Syllabus or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To that end, you are required to own (and have with you for each class) a financial calculator. No particular calculator is proscribed. However, the instructor will be using is class a HP ICC. The textbook for the course is one which seems to be universally used for real estate finance and investment, Real Estate Finance and Investments 14th edition, by William Bargeman and Jeffrey Fisher, published by McGraw-Hill. Whether you buy it or rent it from the Branch Bookstore or get it from Amazon, eBay matters not to me. But you must have it. 3.Grading Attendance/Class participation: I am required to drop you from the class if you have more than four absences and you are a freshman or a sophomore. If you are a junior or senior, it is at my discretion to drop you from the class if o have more than four absences. Also, although there are almost 40 students in the class, you are encouraged to be proactive in class to the extent possible. This is an easy just show up and speak up, making rational comments. Quiz: A short in-class quiz will be administered after the first couple of weeks of the course.This will be worth 5% of your total grade. A poor performance on this quiz may indicate that you must review your fluency in financial economics to determine if you will be able to complete the course in a satisfactory manner. Homework: There will be one three-part emperor assignment during the semester which will be, in the aggregate, of your grade. Homework assignments late will be penalized. Exams: There will be novo exams: a midterm exam on March 19 and a final exam during the week of May 18.

The Phillipines Essays - Maritime Southeast Asia, Philippines

The Phillipines Over the past few years, the Philippines' economy has undergone a remarkable transformation. In the late 80's and early 90's the Philippines were stuck with poor political leadership, economic growth, and slow paced economic development. Today it is recognized globally that the Filipino economy has turned around to produce a positive growth. One of their biggest accomplishments has been the GNP growth rate rise from zero in the early nineties to between 5% and 6% today. The current president, Joseph Ejercito Estrada, is following the strong pace set by former president. Under the Ramos administration, important steps were taken towards economic liberalization. These steps included the opening of banks and telecommunications sectors, and the changing of investment laws, which created a more attractive business alliance and stronger commercial relationships with the United States. Because of these events, the United States remains to be the number one trading partner of the Philippines, and they are among the United States top 25 trading partners. According to President Estrada's speech on January 8, 1999, thanks to the actions of former president Ramos our country continues to enjoy positive growth despite the crisis in Asia. In the region last year, only Singapore and the Philippines posted positive growth rates. Some of the major factors concerning the economic growth during Ramos's term in office that Estrada intends to continue to give attention to are foreign relations, education, health, transportation, banking and trading. Modern education in the Philippines is becoming a major issue in the growth and stabilization of the country's economy. During the last fifty years, education has become a major concern for this country, and it has recently been made more readily available through expansion. Despite this expansion, the quality of education was still not up to par and remains a concern today. One problem facing the education system was a thirty- percent difference in the literacy level between rural and urban areas. Also, all families below the poverty line could not afford to educate their children beyond elementary school. These and other problems like poor teacher performance, overcrowded classrooms, lack of language skills and low wages could definitely benefit from new programs aimed at improving work productivity and family income. In 1990, over 10,000 foreign students studied in the Philippines, the majority of which were American. Until recently, most of the students attending these schools had to be taught in three languages; English, Filipino and Spanish. Now the schools primarily focus on Filipino, which will relieve much stress on students and faculty, and promote faster progress in the future. Another controversy noticed by many American students was the fact that many education policies were fluctuating constantly, and were likely to be changed before teachers became used to them. The most important concern of the education system in the Philippines is the number of students who actually complete college, and are then unable to find a job that they were not grossly overqualified for. These trained personnel could facilitate economic development if properly utilized, which is why the Department of Education, Culture, and Sports is working to develop better mandatory policies for and closer direct supervi sion for its schools. The workforce of the Philippine people is terrible. Not enough jobs are available for the people, and the ones that are low paying and long working. Over 40 % of the workforce were under 15 years of age in 1990. Agriculture comprises 45 percent of the current workforce, which is much lower than it had been in the past. In the last decade, the service sector (commerce, finance, transportation, and a host of private and public services) became the residual employer, accounting for almost 40 percent of the workforce. A major problem with the workforce is the unemployment rate. The unemployment rate is currently 11.4 %. The worst part about this is that the majority of the unemployed is young, inexperienced people who were relatively well educated. Since the lack of job opportunities, the educated people find themselves unemployed because everyone is fighting for the higher jobs. Another important aspect that helps dictate the economic growth of a country is health. In the Philippines the struggle against disease has been increasing over the years. Life expectancy rose

HCS 483 Information System Briefing Essays

HCS 483 Information System Briefing Essays HCS 483 Information System Briefing Essay HCS 483 Information System Briefing Essay Information System Briefing Health Care Information Systems HCS 483 August 25. 2013 Information System Briefing Supplying quality wellness attention is quickly going synonymous with wellness attention organisations geting engineering and information systems that are the most current. Success of the wellness attention organisation depends on the execution of information systems that are designed to run into the criterions of quality set by the organisation and the wellness attention industry. Acquisition and execution of new or upgraded information systems pose large challenges. Understanding the organisations ends and the functions of the stakeholders will assist in the procedure of taking the right information system for usage by the organisations wellness attention suppliers. Choice and Acquisition Making a maneuvering commission to get down the procedure of choosing and geting is the first measure for a wellness attention organisation when looking at implementing a new information system. Appointing a undertaking director to take the commission to assist give the appropriate information and steer the commission in doing determination. The maneuvering commission determines the procedure of implementing the new information system and conducts research to assist find the best information system for the organization’s needs. The maneuvering commission must look at the demands of the organisation for non merely the current usage but besides how the system will turn with the organisation into the hereafter. Identifying the criterions of attention that the wellness attention organisation will assist specify the aims the commission must run into and the range of analysis to measure that the organisation system demands are met. Research Researching the sellers for merchandises that will run into the demands of certification and records storage is critical in geting the right merchandise. Reaching different sellers and puting up merchandise presentations is the best manner to compare merchandises. This will supply for hands-on research for easiness of usage and real-time inquiries to be answered by the representative. Roll uping preset rating standards from the members on the steering commission so that the choice procedure can get down. Roll uping the single comments on the merchandise must be done on the twenty-four hours of the presentation. Comparing the different information systems. this manner will assist with the choice procedure. Cost Analysis The heightened consciousness in recent old ages of the demand to populate within budgets in the wellness attention sector would look to make the perfect clime for cost-effectiveness analysis ( Russell. Gold. Siegel. Daniels. A ; Weinstein. 1996. p. 1 ) . Cost analysis is portion of the findings that the maneuvering commission must subject in their findings while researching the different merchandises. Cost is a impulsive factor in the choice of a new information system. If the new system does non incorporate into established systems within the organisation. there will be more cost associated with that merchandise. Organizations Goals Continuing the wellness attention organization’s ends in every facet of the acquisition stage is first precedence. Forming schemes that identify with the mission and ends set away by the organisation will assist steer the recommendation from the maneuvering commission. Involving other undertaking leads from back uping sections such as Information Technology ( IT ) will be necessary. IT has the cognition on the bing systems and will hold the penetration that is needed when adding or uniting system merchandises. It is likely that IT has undertakings that will necessitate to interface with the new information system. Uniting thoughts and research may assist take to a better information system pick for the organisation. Functions of the Stakeholders The stakeholder’s functions in the organization’s acquisition of new information system are from start to complete. There should be a stakeholder’s presence in the maneuvering commission to set their accomplishments and cognition of the programs of the organisation on the tabular array to assist influence determinations. The active stakeholder on the maneuvering commission can describe to other stakeholder’s on the advancement and alterations in the procedure of taking the information system. The wide scope of stakeholders is identified as anyone who holds involvement in the failure or success of the organisation. This can run from Chief-Executive-Officer ( CEO ) to concern directors and decision makers. physicians to the nursing staff and even patients. Patients are a critical beginning of information because the patient is the proprietor of the informations entered in to the information system. Stakeholders should hold active input in the full procedure of research. acquisition. and execution of a new information system. For illustration. The medical user may desire an easy-to-use system let go ofing him or her from certification undertakings. while the administrative user wants a system implementing complete documentation ( Ammenwerth. Graber. Herrmann. Burkle. A ; Konig. 2003. p. 5 ) . Decision When sing the add-on or enlargement of a wellness information system the organisation must carry on research with several sellers and a steering commission to do recommendations of the merchandise that will outdo tantrum with the demands set Forth by the organisation. The ends of the organisation will assist steer the determinations on what information system will suit the demands presently and into the hereafter. The stakeholder’s engagement in the full undertaking gives alone penetration from the different degrees of stakeholders. Patients. nurses. physicians. direction. and executive direction are all stakeholders. Uniting all of these elements will assist in the procedure of geting the appropriate information system for the wellness attention organisation. Mentions Ammenwerth. E. . Graber. S. . Herrmann. G. . Burkle. T. . A ; Konig. J. ( 2003. June 7. 2002 ) . Evaluation of wellness information systems- problems and challenges. International Journal of Medical Informatics. 71. 125-135. hypertext transfer protocol: //dx. Department of the Interior. org/http: //dx. Department of the Interior. org/10. 1016/S1386-5056 ( 03 ) 00131-X Russell. L. B. . Gold. M. R. . Siegel. J. E. . Daniels. N. . A ; Weinstein. M. C. ( 1996. October 9. 1996 ) . The Role of Cost-effectiveness Analysis in Health and Medicine. Journal of the American Medical Association. 276. 1172-1177. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //av4kc7fg4g. hunt. serialssolutions. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/ ? ctx_ver=Z39. 88-2004 A ; ctx_enc=info % 3Aofi % 2Fenc % 3AUTF-8 A ; rfr_id=info: sid/summon. serialssolutions. com A ; rft_val_fmt=info: ofi/fmt: kev: mtx: diary A ; rft. genre=article A ; rft. atitle=The+role+of+cost effectiveness+analysis+in+health+and+med icine A ; rft. jtitle=JAMA A ; rft. au=Russell % 2C+Louise+B A ; rft. au=Gold % 2C+Marthe+R A ; rft. au=Siegel % 2C+Jo

Bronze Age Mobile Pastoralists of Central Asia

Bronze Age Mobile Pastoralists of Central Asia Steppe societies is a collective name for the Bronze Age (ca. 3500-1200 BC) nomadic and semi-nomadic people of the central Eurasian steppes. Mobile pastoralist groups have lived and herded in western and central Asia for at least 5,000 years, raising horses, cattle, sheep, goats, and yaks. Their borderless lands intersect the modern countries of Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Xinjiang, and Russia, affecting and being affected by complex social systems from China to the Black Sea, the Indus Valley and Mesopotamia. Ecologically, the steppe can be characterized as part prairie, part desert, and part semi-desert, and it extends in Asia from Hungary to the Altai (or Altay) Mountains and the forests in Manchuria. In the northern parts of the steppe range, rich grasslands covered in snow for about a third of the year provide some of the best pasturelands on earth: but in the south are dangerous arid deserts dotted with oases. All of these areas are part of the mobile pastoralists homelands. Ancient History Ancient historical texts from the settled parts of Europe and Asia describe their interactions with steppe people. Most of that admittedly propagandist literature characterizes the Eurasian nomads as fierce, warlike barbarians or noble savages on horseback: for example, the Persians described their battles between the nomads as the war between good and evil. But archaeological studies of the cities and sites of the steppe societies have revealed a far more nuanced definition of the nomad life: and what is revealed is a wide diversity of cultures, languages, and methods of life. The people of the steppes were the builders and maintainers of the vast Silk Road, not to mention the traders who moved countless caravans across the pastoralist and desert landscapes. They domesticated the horse, invented war chariots and also probably the first bowed instruments. Butwhere did they come from? Traditionally, steppe societies are believed to have been arisen from agricultural societies around the Black Sea, becoming increasingly reliant on domestic cattle, sheep, and horses, and then expanding eastward in response to environmental change and the need for increased pastureages. By the Late Bronze Age (ca 1900-1300 BC), so the story goes, the entire steppe was populated by mobile pastoralists, called by archaeologists Andronovo culture. Spread of Agriculture According to research by Spengler et al. (2014), the mobile Steppe Society herders at Tasbas and Begash were also directly involved in the transmission of information concerning domestic plants and animals from their points of origin into Inner Asia during the early third millennium BC. Evidence for the use of domesticated barley, wheat, and broomcorn millet has been found at these sites, in ritual contexts; Spengler and colleagues argue that these nomadic herders were one of the ways in which these crops moved outside of their domestications: broomcorn from the east; and wheat and barley from the west. Languages of the Steppes First: a reminder: language and linguistic history do not match one-to-one with specific cultural groups. Not all English speakers are English, nor Spanish speakers Spanish: that was true as much in the past as the present. However, there are two linguistic histories that have been used to try to understand the possible origins of the steppe societies: Indo-European and Altaic. According to linguistic research, at its beginnings ca 4500-4000 BC, the Indo-European language was largely confined to the Black Sea region. About 3000 BC, Indo-European language forms spread outside of the Black Sea region into central, southern and western Asia and the northern Mediterranean. Part of that movement must be tied to the migration of people; part of that would have been transmitted by contact and trade. Indo-European is the root language for the Indic speakers of South Asia (Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi), the Iranian languages (Persian, Pashtun, Tajik), and the majority of European languages (English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese). Altaic was originally located in Southern Siberia, eastern Mongolia, and Manchuria. Its descendants include Turkic languages (Turkish, Uzbeck, Kazakh, Uighur), and Mongolian languages, and possibly (although there is some debate) Korean and Japanese. Both of these linguistic pathways seem to have traced the movement of nomads throughout and across central Asia and back again. However, a recent article by Michael Frachetti argues that this interpretation is too simplistic to match the archaeological evidence of the spread of people and domestication practices. Three Steppe Societies? Frachettis argument lies in his assertion that the domestication of the horse cannot have driven the rise of a single steppe society. Instead, he suggests scholars should look at three separate areas where mobile pastoralism arose, in the western, central and eastern regions of central Asia, and that by the fourth and early third millennia BC, these societies were specialized. Western Steppe: east banks of the Dneiper River to the Ural Mountains and north from the Black Sea (modern countries include parts of Ukraine, Russia; cultures include Cucuteni, Tripolye, Sredny Stog, Khvalynsk, Yamnaya; sites include Moliukhor Bugor, Derievka, Kyzl-khak, Kurpezhe-molla, Kara Khuduk I, Mikhailovka II, Maikop)Central Steppe: east of the Urals to the Altai edge (countries: parts of Kazakstan, Russia, Mongolia; cultures: Botai, Atbasar; sites: Botai)Eastern Steppe: east of the Irysh River to the Yenesei (countries: Russian Siberia, cultures: Afanas’ev (sometimes spelled Afanasievo); sites: Balyktyul, Kara-Tenesh) The sparsity of the archaeological record continues to be an issue: there simply hasnt been a great deal of work focused on the steppes. It is a very large place, and much more work needs to be accomplished. Archaeological Sites Turkmenistan: Altin-Depe, MervRussia: Sintashta, Kyzl-khak, Kara Khuduk, Kurpezhe-molla, Maikop, Ashgabat, GornyUzbekistan: Bukhara, Tashkent, SamarkandChina: TurfanKazakhstan: Botai, Krasnyi Yar, Mukri, Begash, TasbasUkraine: Moliukhor Bugor, Dereivka, Sredny Stog, Mikhailovka Sources This glossary entry is a part of the About.com guide to Human History, and the Dictionary of Archaeology. See page two for a list of resources. Sources This glossary entry is a part of the About.com guide to Human History, and the Dictionary of Archaeology. Frachetti MD. 2012. Multiregional emergence of mobile pastoralism and nonuniform institutional complexity across Eurasia. Current Anthropology 53(1):2. Frachetti MD. 2011. Migration Concepts in Central Eurasian Archaeology. Annual Review of Anthropology 40(1):195-212. Frachetti MD, Spengler RN, Fritz GJ, and Maryashev AN. 2010. Earliest direct evidence for broomcorn millet and wheat in the central Eurasian steppe region. Antiquity 84(326):993–1010. Golden, PB. 2011. Central Asia in World History. Oxford University Press: Oxford. Hanks B. 2010. Archaeology of the Eurasian Steppes and Mongolia. Annual Review of Anthropology 39(1):469-486. Spengler III RN, Cerasetti B, Tengberg M, Cattani M, and Rouse LM. 2014. Agriculturalists and pastoralists: Bronze Age economy of the Murghab alluvial fan, southern Central Asia. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany: in press. doi: 10.1007/s00334-014-0448-0 Spengler III RN, Frachetti M, Doumani P, Rouse L, Cerasetti B, Bullion E, and Maryashev A. 2014. Early agriculture and crop transmission among Bronze Age mobile pastoralists of Central Eurasia. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281(1783). 10.1098/rspb.2013.3382

Choose a love song, and create a story based on the love song. it Essay

Choose a love song, and create a story based on the love song. it cannot be a love song which already had a love story behind it known by lots of people, Such as Titanic - Essay Example She did not know what to say, but knew she reciprocated his feelings exactly. Back home Mimi’s family chided her for visiting them. â€Å"They are broken refugees for God’s sake† her father shouted at the top his voice â€Å"Stay away from them or you will end up in lot of trouble†. She sat staring at the moon on her balcony when she heard the puppy’s soft bark. She saw Ryan on her own terrace garden. She rushed up delighted â€Å"How did you sneak in?† He kept going on and on, about his family, country and how fled here under dangerous circumstances. His once wealthy family was now completely broken and Ryan had quit studies to support them. Mimi was too flabbergasted to register anything into her mind. She was alone and she was with him. That was the only thing that mattered to her. Finally he gave her a new note. â€Å"I am working as an apprentice in the local hair salon. This is the first object I bought with my first salary. It is for you. You dropped your notebook into water in my house today†. Mimi hugged the note close to her heart and gave him a passionate kiss on his lips. â€Å"No please don’t go. I cannot bear to see you leave† Ryan pressed her hand sternly and rushed away from the house into the dark. It was just a start. Ryan had been her friend, philosopher and guide for the past five years. Mimi’s parents packed her to a famous boarding school the very next week. From there she moved to college and her own apartment. Ryan continued to meet her regularly in the same stealth mode. No matter how strict the rules were or wherever she was, he made it a point to meet her at least once in a fortnight. They talked about all things under sky, kissed, caressed and taunted each other. They had enough of each other. The thrill of being discovered and punished only added the spiciness of the affair. Things changed in five years time. Mimi grew up to be an elite lady with several admirers thronging for her hand in marriage. Ryan had managed

Assessment one - The role of ethics in Journalism Essay

Assessment one - The role of ethics in Journalism - Essay Example Umpteenth number of times the media has been blamed to be inaccurate and biased (â€Å"Ethical Issues in Journalism†). Englehardt and Barney express that utilitarianism â€Å"declares an action, intention or principle should be judged by the overall immediate outcomes† (16). The theory of utilitarianism rests on the principle of utility, where every action is approved or disapproved as per the propensity it seems to have with the purpose of augmenting or diminishing happiness of the part whose interest is in question (Harrison 67). Petrick & Quinn (48) suggest that utilitarianism signifies that the ethical value of an action is dependent on yielding the greatest good for the greatest number of people. Applying this concept to journalism ethics involves the practice of journalism in a technical sense into conflict with the corporate values (Breit 213). Although journalism regards ethical value on the basis of its effect on journalists’ potential to supply information, the media corporation calculates ethical values from the viewpoint of maximizing investor wealth (Breit 213). As per Sta tman, living according to utilitarianism implies â€Å"caring about principles, rules and obligations, not about real human beings† (7). According to Mills, the principle of utilitarianism is that the purpose of ethics is to direct people in performing things that will result in making the world a better place (Smith 47-52). In short, the utilitarians expect people to endeavor to perform in a manner that will yield â€Å"the greatest good for the greatest number† (Smith 47-52). What actually matters is the consequences of our actions and not our motives or intentions (Smith 47-52). However, it is not always possible to determine the consequences of our actions (Smith 47-52). For instance, a reporter may think that a story about teen suicide may enable the schools and the public to understand and

Examine how soaps attract their target audience Essay Example for Free

Examine how soaps attract their target audience Essay The reason I am writing this essay is because I am going to identify the difference between two soaps, one is Australian and the other is English. The Australian soap is called Neighbours and the English soap is Coronation Street. We are looking at these two soaps because we are seeing how successful each soap is at attracting its target audience. The first soap I will write about will be Coronation Street this soap is the English soap out of the two, so it is set in England at a town called Wetherfield, just outside of Manchester. In real life Wetherfield is a town down south. The set of Coronation Street has an old pebble street, with old terrace housing. There are many meeting places within the soap which are Peoples houses, but in the specific episode I am talking about the house that it is set in are Janises house. The houses that it makes the street typically English are old Victorian houses which are Terrance houses. The other meting places within the soap are Rovers Inn, the cafi and Roys Rolls. On the episode I watched the climate was very cold and cloudy. The main characters which appear on the soap Coronation Street are Janice and Les who are married but are getting a divorce. Dev and Gina are another two big characters in the episode I am writing about. They are getting married, in the episode we only see them on there hen and stag night. The other characters which dont play much of a part in the episode I am talking are Deidre, Ken, Curly, Terry and Maxine. There are 10 storyline going on in Coronation street, I will tell you some of them. Deidre had a one night stand with Dev, but now Dev is getting married to Gina, so Deidre is upset. A surprise party is being organized of the happy couples getting married, which are Dev and Dina. Curly and his partner had a baby. Janices boyfriend Dennis died in a car accident. Last but not least Maxine is pregnant. The way the storylines are set out in the episodes is that the skip to one storyline at a time so it would be like a cycle e. g. 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4. I think the best characters in Coronation Street are Dev and Dina, because they really do look like they are in love, as I don not normally watch this soap I could tell straight away that they were in love. Since I dont have background information on the soap I cant tell if Dev and Dina are together in real life or not, but if they are not they are really good actors. The best storyline in Coronation Street has to be the party that the street was organizing for the married couple to be, and how Deidre looks all upset and depressed. The way that the producer makes the soap Coronation Street typically English is the English accent is brought into the soap, many pubs in the street which England has take fleet for example we must have roughly about 10 pubs where I live. The way the characters use the typically English phrase do you want a cup of tea? which this phrase is often heard in the English language. Also earlier in the essay I mentioned that there were coble streets and Terrance houses. The target audience the soap Coronation Street is aimed at is mainly older people and their family and middle aged women. The theme tune makes you feel really old. The reason I said family was because Coronation Street is put on in prime time when all the family gets together. An middle aged women can convert to there life through an soap like Coronation Street there is also another reason an middle age women might watch Coronation Street this reason would be that there are many female characters in the soap. . One of the characters in Coronation Street is a certain race to this will encourage other races to watch the soap. Another character in the soap has they same affect on the audience and that is Roy because he owns his own company other people who think that they cant relate to Coronation Street they watch how is business is going. I know this because my Uncle Robert does the same thing. The storyline with Janice and lose of her boyfriend is another eye catcher for the audience as many people can relate to it as they might have lost there boyfriend through death or just breakup. The other storyline with attracts the audiences attention is Maxine and her that she is carrying even tough the baby isnt her boyfriends she will have to face the truth one day, another case of the same story is in Eastenders where Lisa has had Phils baby. The location of the soap Neighbours is set in Australia. Also in Coronation Street the soap Neighbours also has many meeting points which are peoples houses but in the episode i watched it was just Lous place. The other meting places were Good Hair Day Salon, the Dina, outside Karls warehouse and the school. The Climate unlike Coronation Street was sunny hot with a lovely clear sky. Some of the main characters which appear in the soap, are Karl and Susan who are married and have two kids called Stephanie and .. Lou and Louise are other two main Characters in the soap and Lou is the Father of Louise. Sandy and John are married. And there are many other characters who are Libby, Drew, Paul, Felicity, Joe, Todd, Toady, Maggie, Emily, Evan, Lyn, Harold, Leo, Matt, Dee, Tess, Michelle, Joel and Sandy. There are only 5 compared to Coronation Street in which there are 10. In Neighbours Lou is losing Louise his daughter because he lost the Hearing. Stephanie has got a job interview, which she doesnt get because her Mum and sister give her a makeover, in which the Interviewer did not like as Stephanie would be working with men. Stephanie also runs into an old mate who she new through Woody, as woody and him shared the same room in hospital. Leos dad recons that Leo is being bullied, so he takes action. As Leo confronts his dad to say that he wasnt bullied but didnt give certain people their essays that they paid for. Karl is receiving a delivery in which he hasnt the slightest clue what the deliver contains. I think the best character in Neighbours is Lou as he has such a hard part to play, losing his Louise is a very heart breaking experience, which also brings Lou thinking how much one Human being means to him. I also recon the best storyline has to be Lou losing Louise, I does make you want to cry, it also brings the audiences emotions into the picture. The soap Neighbours is typically Australian because of the climate which I mentioned earlier on in the essay. The registration number on the car is Australian. At the beginning of the soap while the theme tune is playing the characters are all around a pool and are having a BBQ in which the Australians are famous for. The Target audience for Neighbours is completely different from the audience that Coronation Street is aiming for. The producer of Neighbours is aiming for a much younger audience than Coronation Street. The storyline where Lou loses Louise attracts too different ages of the audience, the younger and the older, because some kids could refer to Louises situation, and some adults can refer to Lous situation on letting Louise go. Early twenties are aimed at as well as Stephanie goes for a job interview in which she doesnt get. Leo brings younger people to the audience as he is in high school, and Karl brings business people to the audience as he owns his own business in the soap the same as Roy in Coronation Street. My conclusion on the soaps Coronation Street and Neighbours is that Neighbours attracted the audience it was aiming for much better that Coronation Street as in Neighbours they brought the story of Lou and Louise. In Coronation Street there was much to relate to in my age group. As I have mentioned before Lous story brings everyones emotions together. As I do not normally watch these soaps I dont see if Coronation Street relates to me or not.

An Ironic Night :: essays research papers

It was Friday night January 12 and Tanya, Heidi, and I were on our way to the movies. We drove in Heidi’s brand new 2000 silver Mustang. We were in the car listening to music and happy to get to see the movie that we have been waiting to see. We were going to see Save the Last Dance at 7:25 at Creve Coeur AMC Theater. Heidi took Lindbergh south to Old Olive until we reached the movie theater. The next exit was Old Olive and we got off at it. At that time it was about 7:10. The movie was going to start in 15 minutes. We didn’t want to rush because we knew that we had to find a parking spot and then get seats as well. As we were driving towards the movie theater we noticed a lot of cars coming out. That meant the theater was probably crowded. We started to slow down and make a left turn into Creve Coeur Cinema. Heidi was at a dead stop in the left lane with her blinker on to turn left. Many cars were coming out of the theater and not letting her enter the parking lot. I turned to Heidi and told her, "Heidi scoot up a lil’ bit so you have a chance to get in." "Ok," replied Heidi. Just then I turned to the right and looked at the people doing clean-ups at Creve Coeur Waterway. Heidi was still waiting for her turn. All of a sudden we hear and feel a huge thud. All at once the air bags flew out and the car jumped into the other lane. As soon as we realized what happened we jumped out of the car. Being that I was so shocked and freaked out I forgot that Tanya was in the back seat. I let her out quickly and then all I could hear after that was Heidi screaming. "OH MY GOD! OH MY GOD! OH MY GOD!" "What the heck happened," I said. "Look at my car! Look at what they did to my car! You are going to pay for this" Heidi shouted. I turned to look at Tanya and she had just dialed the police with her cell phone. Everything had happened so fast. Within a few minutes the cop showed up. Heidi was still screaming and then she called her mom. Just then Tanya and I called our parents to let them know what happened and that we were ok.

Autism and Physical Therapy Help

Autism Spectrum Disorders Autism spectrum disorders are very complex neurological disorders that have baffled experts over the years. These have brought numerous questions on the actual causes but there have not been many answers. Pervasive developmental disorders are how Autism spectrums are classified and it includes Autism, Asperger syndrome, Rett syndrome, and Childhood Disintegrative Disorder. Each of these disorders has similarities in the individual’s lack of communication, socialization, and behavior. Autism was first introduced by Leo Kanner in the forties.His research is close in comparison to research conducted today. There will be signs of autism before the age of three and there are some significant deficits that help diagnose these young children. Social interaction, communication, and behavior are three deficits that are very noticeable in children with autism. You could be trying to talk to your own brother and he would be preoccupied doing something else. He w ouldn’t show any signs of comprehending what you are saying and wouldn’t even look you in the eyes while you spoke. Autism can devastate a family, there is no cure and no medicine.You could have a normal developing baby until they just seemingly start to change and show abnormal behaviors before they turn three. They can look normal on the outside but there is some unknown phenomenon that happens to their brain. Genetic and environmental causes have been tested but there is still no definite answer. Asperger’s disorder is named after Hans Asperger in 1944 when he saw significant patterns of behavior in mostly his male patients. Asperger’s disorder is similar to autism in their impairments in social interaction and behavior. But they do not have a delay in language, cognitive development, and adaptive behavior.This disorder becomes clearer in elementary school when obvious social and behavioral problems become apparent. One rare condition that can appear i n individuals is called savantism. These individuals show profound abilities that exceed what would be ordinary in most people. Another syndrome is called Rett and it is a very rare disorder of the nervous system that lead to developmental reversals especially in areas of language and hand use. Kids with this syndrome have normal development for the first five months, but have significant decelerated head growth between five and forty-eight months.It is onset prior to age four but is common to start earlier in life. Rett syndrome appears in nearly only females and can be misdiagnosed with other disorders like cerebral palsy. Some symptoms are floppy arms or legs, seizures, loss of normal sleep patterns, intellectual, and learning difficulties. The last of the Autism spectrum disorders is Childhood Disintegrative Disorder. The children with this disorder have normal development for the first couple years. They are diagnosed if they have a loss of skills in language, behavior, bowel c ontrol, and motor skills.Some other criteria’s are abnormal functioning in social interaction, communication and stereotype behaviors. There is no cure for these disorders but there is some therapy that can help. Behavioral therapy helps with social skills, self care, and can increase independent functioning. Occupational, speech, and physical therapy help the individual as well. Medications like stimulants and antidepressants are also helpful but their so exact medication for autism. But the main way to treat patients is to individualize the treatment.Having impairments in verbal and nonverbal communication would be devastating for any family. To have your child developing normally with the ability to communicate and act normal, then out of know where starts to lose those abilities. I couldn’t imagine how frustrating and sad it would be for the family to have to cope that. It’s crazy to think with all the technology in the world that someone or some organizatio n could find better treatment or even a cure. Hopefully one day there will be a cure and families around the world would be able to have normal lives with their loved ones.

Pervasiveness of Marketing

Vital marketing decisions are made by every business; but as important as it is to make the right business decision†¦ it is essential that marketing professionals understand how their marketing impacts our social values. There are several different ways that marketers get their message across to potential customers(1), each marketing communications tool can have different effects on us. Marketing is intrusive, businesses are constantly trying to push their brands in our faces†¦ we barely process one piece of information before the next one comes shooting our way. The pervasiveness marketing has undoubtedly influenced our mind-set and behaviour†¦ a disposable culture creeps closer to becoming reality. It’s because our buyer behaviour is image based, we care about how others see us more than how we see ourselves. This hugely changes our views on society; contemporary marketing has made us believe that we are what we buy, and that the brands we own†¦ are a direct reflection of us. Marketing is an integral business function, but is hardly respected. It continually aims to stimulate demand which leads to new customers†¦ and that leads to more market share. No longer can marketing be tunnel visioned in it’s pursuit for brand awareness. Certain companies have mastered the AIDA model and can use their understanding on countless consumers, the Sony Bravia advert with the bouncing balls(2) went through the whole cycle from attention all the way to stimulating action†¦ making them buy products they didn’t particularly need in the first place. Point-Of-Sale cues are used relentlessly and marketers are accused of not looking at how their decisions impact broader society. Our social values are changing to customers being more self-centred and buying everything that suits them. Our social values include friends, who we want to have a good time with. But playing on the back of our heads constantly, is how cool we think we look, have we impressed our friends? Do we have the right clothes on? Do we have the right phone? As I mentioned, we think that the brands we own are a reflection of us†¦ so we try and buy the right products, not only to suit our personalities; but to fit in. There is one thing that hugely influences our social values, and that’s technology(3). A wireless world is slowly becoming more of an actuality as time goes on. The internet, as enthralling as it may be, has made people ess sociable and more secluded. Perhaps one of the most important social values is quality time with our families; this is not possible if we are glued to the monitor during dinner time. In the past, dinner meant the whole family sitting around a table, having a laugh and eating to their hearts content. The internet has cut into this social value and is influencing young minds. But it’s been a fantastic medium for communication and a brilliant source for information. Both ways can be argued. Advances in technology will introduce location based advertising in the future(4), this makes us even more reliant on technology. This means that where ever we are, we will be targeted by businesses†¦ which directly impact our social lives; making us shop instead of talk to those we may know in the area. The whole notion of positioning is based upon understanding the consumer†¦ not society, making us feel like we can familiarise ourselves with the brand, so that it doesn’t feel like marketing but instead feels like a developing relationship. Segmenting customers is a common marketing tool used when it comes to deciding on a target market. But it has huge disadvantages on society; a common way for segmentation to take place is with airlines. First class, business class and economy are forms of segmenting the market. Customers who have high disposable income doesn’t necessarily have to fly first class†¦ but the positioning of first class in the consumers mind communicates the message that if you can afford it, go for it. First class passengers have made the association that flying in luxury means they are successful and are respected. When in realness, they simply have more money than the average person. Economy flyers are made to think that they are normal, nothing special, but some of them could actually be successful. Some of them may have significantly advanced in their careers, and may have even helped the world! The social values of first class travellers has changed into looking down on other passengers who aren’t flying first class†¦ the feeling of self accomplishment is just an illusion created by marketing. There are other marketing tools which de-individualises customers and sees them as groups and not individuals. An example of this is the postcode analysis, this influences the social values of consumers into thinking that they are only as good as the people who live near them. Marketing professionals need to start respecting customers as customers, and they need to understand the uniqueness of each individual consumer. There is a really important marketing tool that can assess how much marketers are impacting our social values. Businesses can construct a PESTEL analysis of themselves to gain a better understanding of what is in their way†¦ and what they need to take into account before implementing any marketing decisions. MOSAIC is another segmentation tool used by marketers to decide exactly how to target their target market. This generalises too much and doesn’t see customers as individuals, but as titles. There is one main point that marketing critics’ keep bringing up. They see branding as being misleading to consumers, that the associations made with the product or service is just an illusion†¦ and doesn’t reflect the actual quality of the product or service itself(5). Marketers definitely need to take this into account when taking care of brand management. However an argument against this is that branding gives people confidence, it helps consumers see themselves in a desirable light when owning a particular brand. It makes them feel like they are a part of something, this positive feeling surely can’t be criticised. An example of a business who tries to create a strong association is Disney. Their chain of ‘Magic Happens’ adverts definitely play on our emotional strings(6). They play on portraying the dreamy effect with their brand communication, which withholds powerful emotional appeals. Disney sells an experience, something intangible. This works really well when it comes to targeting children, the imagination of a child is endless†¦ with hardly any limits. However this really affects children’s social values, making them almost worship Disney characters. Ultimately, this makes the children think that going to Disney Land is described as ‘a dream come true’; taking their minds off of the important things in life. Another example is Coca Cola. Their marketing strategy relies on making the consumer feel satisfaction when drinking Coke, making the consumer feel refreshed†¦ and ‘happy’. The Coke slogan is ‘Open coke. Open happiness’(7). The association that will be made is definitely an emotional one, and will make customers feel like someone when they drink a can of coke in front of people. This is probably the brand that endangers our social values the most, due to the obvious reason that happiness is achieved through success or through a positive social encounter. Not from drinking Coke, this is nothing more than a positioning strategy. Behavioural psychology explains the laws of classical and operant conditioning. This has been used by many businesses in order to condition a specific response from a customer. Classical conditioning can be, and has been used in various advertisements; in order to create lasting associations that will be profitable to the business. A psychologist called Pavlov tests classical conditioning in one of he’s experiments(8), and since then, he has influenced the use of he’s findings by many marketers. An example of this is McDonalds, the first time we heard the famous McDonalds short and snappy jingle we didn’t know what to make of it. But after a few more adverts we made the association between the jingle and the slogan ‘I’m lovin’ it’(9). Whilst this association was being made, you can visualise the McDonalds logo and any images they want you to see. The general feel of the adverts are happy and upbeat. With time, our association became so strong, that all McDonalds do now is play the jingle, and we all say or think ‘I’m lovin’ it’. This then becomes our unconditioned response to the jingle, which started off as being a neutral stimulus. So as you can see, classical conditioning is a powerful tool that marketers use, and we have attempted to create an advert; whilst trying to apply the laws of classical conditioning. Customers are almost hypnotised into thinking exactly what McDonalds wants them to think. This changes our social values into being more self-centred, making us seek pleasure for ourselves and gets rid of the whole idea of togetherness and sharing. The psychodynamic approach in psychology was devised by Sigmund Freud, an influential figure in psychology. He said that our conscious thoughts and actions are influenced by unconscious drives, such as the sex drive(10). Marks and Spencer food adverts take advantage of this idea. The woman speaking in the background speaks in a soft, sensual voice making it seem the food should be eaten in an intimate way(11)†¦ which almost makes us think their selling sex. According to the psychodynamic approach, our unresolved child issues and our sex drive will influence our conscious behaviour†¦ which is to ultimately buy the food. Marketers need to be very careful with this type of advertising; it’s almost as if the consumers are not in control of what they like. Our social values may have been having a laugh with friends of the opposite gender, but due to this kind of psychological approach to advertising†¦ it may unwillingly effect the perception of the customer. Using psychological approaches in adverts is legal, but it doesn’t mean it’s moral. The mind-set of the customer changes, their perception changes and so their behaviour changes; this can be seen as immoral. Companies ensure they put all side effects of certain products on the packaging†¦ but when are marketers going to actually take into account the side effects of their own decisions? If a certain type of marketing impacts broader society too much, and stimulates demand to an extent that the environment will suffer†¦ the marketers should definitely take it easy and refrain from these types of activities. Every career needs to work towards a better world to live in; this is what morality is all about. ‘The strategic business function that creates value by stimulating, facilitating and fulfilling customer demand’(12)†¦ this is on of the definitions of marketing. But how will consumer sovereignty affect this? The old definition was meeting customer needs profitably, customers may decide what will be produced or on the other hand marketers may decide what consumers should be interested in. It all depends on how society is looked after by marketers, and how society reacts to marketing decisions. Our social values stems from how society operates and how society holds up against continual marketing activities. The decisions that marketers make impact society hugely, it can increase demand and can decrease demand. McDonalds have been successful at stimulating demand, due to this they have had to create 4000 new jobs(13). But even though more demand means success to a marketer, there is always backlash. There is ‘a protest against the promotion of junk food, the unethical targeting of children, exploitation of workers, animal cruelty, damage to the environment and the global domination of corporations over our lives. Marketing strategies are successful at making a profit, but it’s time marketing professionals look after the society which they themselves are a part of. Not necessarily societal marketing, but just using some of the concepts of this type of marketing. I think that it’s a personal challenge to each and every one of us to act and speak in a way which doesn’t reflect the conditioned responses that marketing and movies have created. Our social values echo our personality and what we hold close to our hearts; marketing professionals can change or strengthen this. That means reliability is a necessity as a marketer. References http://inventors.about.com/od/timelines/a/ModernInvention.htm http://www.e-lba.com/ELBA%20Overview%20english.pdf http://nobelprize.org/educational_games/medicine/pavlov/readmore.html http://www.textart.ru/database/slogan/fast-food-advertising-slogans.html http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/freud.html

The Drum vs Vitai Lampada

The Drum vs Vitai Lampada Free Online Research Papers ‘The Drum’ by John Scott and ‘Vitai Lampada’ by Henry Newbolt both focuses on the eve of battle, but differs greatly regarding their attitudes. The poems have greatly contrasting views of war. The Drum has a negative perception of war whereas Vitai Lampada portrays a very positive image of war. ‘The Drum’ was written in the Napoleonic war. John Scott is an anti war poet. He uses the first person to describe his angst towards war. He also uses a rhythm to imitate a drum’s beat. From the first few words of the poem, â€Å"I hate†, there is no ambiguity about Scott’s stance – it is clear that he is strongly opposed to the devastation of war. His hate is for the ‘drum’s discordant sound’, a symbol of war. As John Scott says he hates the drum he is showing his hatred of the war and slaughter that goes on. As this line is repeated in the second stanza, it emphasises the writers hatred of the war. John Scott’s beliefs are displayed within the poem because of the fact that John Scott is a Quaker. Vitae Lampada is a poem of strength and power. Henry Newbolt was a poet who championed the virtues of chivalry and sportsmanship combined in the service of the British Empire. Play up! Play up! And play the game! Words that have become famous through the years symbolised Newbolts view that war should be fought in the same spirit as school sports. He illustrates war through the use of the imagery of soldiers playing games. The author, Henry Newbolt, writes about war in this way, so that he can get his view of war across in a more defined manner. John Scott has got a negative perception of war because he was a wealthy Quaker who was opposed to violence and war whereas Henry Newbolt went to a public school where he was taught to rule and led the fight to defend the overseas possessions. Even though Henry Newbolt knew what was going to happen in the war, he thought it was worth it to fight and die for the country in the war. Research Papers on The Drum vs Vitai LampadaMind TravelThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsQuebec and CanadaBringing Democracy to AfricaHip-Hop is ArtEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeWhere Wild and West Meet

Character of Touchstone in Shakespeares As You Like It Shakespeare As You Like It Essays

The Character of   Touchstone in As You Like It    As You Like It features, like so many of Shakespeare's plays, a professional clown, Touchstone, and it's worth paying some attention to his role for what it contributes towards establishing and maintaining the upbeat comic spirit of the play. For the jester is the constant commentator on what is going on. His humour, pointed or otherwise, thus inevitably contributes to the audience's awareness of what is happening, and the way in which other characters treat him is often a key indicator of their sensibilities. Touchstone is one of the gentlest and happiest clowns in all of Shakespeare. He comments on the action, makes jokes at other people's expense, and offers ironic insights about their situation. But throughout As You Like It, such traditional roles of the fool are offered and taken with a generosity of spirit so that his remarks never shake the firm comic energies of the play. When he ridicules Orlando's verses, Rosalind laughs along with him. When he points out to Corin (in 3.2) that the shepherd must be damned for never having lived at court, Corin takes it as good natured jesting (which it is). When Touchstone takes Audrey away from her rural swain, William, there are apparently no hard feelings (although much here depends on the staging). In this play, the professional jester participates in and contributes to a style of social interaction which is unqualified by any more sober and serious reflections. This makes Touchstone very different from the bitter fool of King Le ar or from the most complex fool of all, the sad Feste of Twelfth Night , both of whom offer comments that cast either a shrewd, melancholy, or bitter irony on the proceedings.    Touchstone himself becomes the target of much humour by his immediate attraction to Audrey, the "foul" country lass. There is something richly comic here, seeing the staunch apologist for the sophisticated life of the court fall so quickly to his animal lust. But the satire here is very good humoured. Touchstone himself acknowledges the frailty of his vows and does not attempt to deceive anyone about his intentions.

LogisticsReflective Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

LogisticsReflective Report - Essay Example I even developed a strong position towards an idea about various advantages that the organisations can reap in order to maintain their dominant business position with the successful development of Supply Chain Management (SCM) procedure. I have even elaborated various needs of modernisation within the conventional procedure of supply chain to promote innovativeness amid individuals, so that organisations are able to enhance their competitive advantages in the global domain. Critical review of the innovative practices inculcated in the SCM procedure has also been quite useful in conducting an in-depth analysis of the subject matter. While working with my first essay, I developed an inductive analysis of aspects related with the development of logistics. However, while formulating the essay, I identified that there are certain issues to be addressed but seemed challenging as per my abilities. I was also less confident when preparing the first essay as compared to my degree of confidence in the second essay. However, with adequate support, I believe to have justified the topic successfully. While conducting an in depth research, on the different approaches of logistics and its scope of innovativeness, I learnt about certain new concepts that I was further able to relate with the development of the overall SCM procedure. One of those concepts was the ‘supply base localisation’ theme, which was based on the notion of developing local value chains in relation to international supply chain. With the motive to provide an insight on the various concepts that are related with the innovative approaches of SCM as well as logistics, I could develop a clear understanding of the various needs of SCM in the local level. This essay was illustrated based on the concepts that I have reviewed in my first essay and was a clear addition to the innovative index that has been focused while formulating the initial one. Essay 2 has detailed

Manchester united brand vision Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Manchester united brand vision - Essay Example These numbers have become major attractions to the sponsors of the club including AIG, Nike, Chevrolet, Vodafone and so on. A brand represents product development and history (Kotler , Armstrong and Wong, 2008). However, the owner and managers have the power to maintain a brand. Manchester United has a long history of attractive victory matches. The club has owned 19 league titles and over 20 other champions. To retain their position, it has to continue playing high level over a long period. Moreover, the club was established over 100 years ago, thereby gaining global fan bases. Therefore, the fans tend to tie their love for the club by purchasing Manchester United costumes, equipment and other accessories. This makes Manchester United as an attractive proposition in the international marketplace. Sponsorship allows inclusion of the company brand logo on the Manchester United playing kit, the right to use the club logo in promotions and advertisements at the Manchester United games (Beech and Chadwick , 2007). It also allows the sponsors to feature in the Manchester United marketing materials such as magazine, internet and program matches. The association with the club will play a significant role to the sponsor brand. These benefits include promoting and enhancing the sponsor brand, there retaining and attracting new customers. The fans and the supporter of Manchester United are the core attribute of its brand. This is an added advantage to the brand over other football clubs because it is regarded as an emotional bond. As a result, Manchester United brand is growing faster than other sport brands. It is growing faster and further beyond other traditional sport brands worldwide. Research indicates that the club customer database is over 10 million and, it is forecasted to continue growing (Lagae, 2005). Manchester United is referred to as a distributor brand due to its characteristics and attributes. It has sponsors from various

Hw6 Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hw6 - Article Example Most of my friends being white Americans themselves, they might probably say no, but none of them have done the research. Nevertheless, I would digress on their view about this hypotheses. My independent variables are yearsexp, honors, college, computerskills, volunteer, specialskills, military, workinschool, email and offjobs. I think it is true that job applicants with English American names have a higher chances of attaining employment that applicants with African-American names. I believe that employment discrimination in the job market is real and a serious growing social problem in the society. This is true despite all candidates having valid qualifications both in academic achievement and their working experience. White American employers would prefer working with persons who are from a white race origin. The evaluation in job performance between different applicants can be analyzed in reference to the independent values stipulated for the project. An African American may have the honor in higher learning institution, have five or more years of experience, and be excellent in computer skills, participated in volunteering activities. They may have a military experience and yet face employment discrimination in the job market. Even though he/she has done off-jobs, worked while in school or have special skills, he/she may still face a challenge in fighting off employment discrimination. There is a negative relationship between White American job applicants and Black American Job applicants. Employment discrimination favors White applicants. I think I would recommend the use of initials on the names when writing a curriculum vitae as a control variable. Apparently, employers look at the names of job applicants and form their basis for job discrimination. Applying for jobs with the English and African American names reduces the chances for a person to be provided a chance for an interview for an advertised job

Influence of Sesame Oil on Arbutin Release

Influence of Sesame Oil on Arbutin Release The Influence of Sesame Oil Addition on The Arbutin Release and Penetration in Carbomer Gel Base (Observation on Inhibition of Enzym Tyrosinase Activity) Tristiana Erawati, Widji Soeratri, Noorma Rosita, Wida Rukmanajati, Hanifa Rahma Abstract Hydrophilic arbutin as lightening agent with log P value -1.35, make it difficult to permeate through the skin and reach its site of action. Sesame oil addition (3, 5, and 7% w/w) was expected to increase the arbutin release and penetrations. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of sesame oil addition on the arbutin release and penetrations in the Carbomer-940’s gel base. The release (flux) of arbutin, as initial process before penetration, formulation were studied using cellophane membrane and buffer phosphate pH 7.0 as media at 37Â ±0.5Â °C for six hours long. The penetration of arbutin was observation on inhibition of enzyme tyrosinase activity. Inhibition percent of tyrosinase by arbutin was determined in vitro by observing the absorbance value of dopachrome (an intermediate product of melanin formation) as a reaction product between enzyme tyrosinase and L-tyrosine as a substrate using spectrophotometer. Conclusion of this study was sesame oil addition 3 and 5% w/w decreased arbutin release, sesame oil addition 3, 5 and 7% w/w increased arbutin penetrations. Increasing of arbutin effectiveness more is caused by enhancer effect of sesame oil. Keyword: Arbutin, Carbomer-940, Penetration, Release, Sesame oil, Tyrosinase-inhibition Introduction: Arbutin widely used in cosmetic as lightening agent to inhibited enzyme tyrosinase activity in basal membrane of the skin. Tyrosinase was known as enzyme that involved in melanin formation.1, 2 Because of the hydrophilic of arbutin with log P value 1.35 make it difficult to penetrate through the skin. To increase the penetration enhancer can be add in the formula. Sesame oil as an oily enhancer has total protein (25%) and globulin (67.3%) its can increased penetration trough polar pathway by enlarge aqueous channel. Sesame oil also can use as healing effect from sunburn.3 It was known Sesame oil effective concentration as enhancer up to 10%.4 The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of sesame oil (3, 5, and 7% w/w) addition on the arbutin (3% w/w) penetrations in the Carbomer-940 gel base through the modified lipid membrane. It was observation on inhibition of enzyme tyrosinase activity. However sesame oil is a viscous fluid can increase the viscosity of base so that it feared inhibits the release of arbutin and decrease penetration. In this study determined arbutin release from the base using cellophane membrane and buffer phosphate pH 7.0 as media at 37Â ±0.5Â °C for six hours long. Materials and Methods Preparation of the arbutin gel as Lightening product The arbutin in Carbomer-940 gel base formulas as lightening product was shown in table 1. In this research Carbomer-940 gel base contained tri ethanol ammine (TEA) as alkalizing agent, propylene-glycol as humectants, methyl-parabene and propyl-paraben as preservative, Na-EDTA as chelating agent, butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT) as anti-oxidant and Tween-80 as surfactant. Arbutin 3% w/w in Carbomer-940 gel base was used as control. Arbutin 3% w/w with sesame oil 3% w/w in Carbomer-940 gel base named as F1, Arbutin 3% w/w with sesame oil 5% w/w in Carbomer-940 gel base named as F2 and Arbutin 3% w/w with sesame oil 7% w/w in Carbomer-940 gel base named as F3. The Characteristics determination of the arbutin gel The Characteristics determination of arbutin gel included: Determination of gel pH Determination of the spreading-ability Determination of gel spreading-ability was performed using a pair of glass plate (20 X 20 cm). The gel preparation (1 gram) was put in the middle of the first glass plate that given the scale. Then put the second glass plate on the first glass plate and measured the diameter of gel spreading. After that put ballast on the second glass plate then measured the diameter spreading-ability of the gel. The weight of ballast that put on the second plate was increased until spreading-ability of the gel was constant. Determination of arbutin release: Determination of arbutin release from the bases was done by the dissolution tester Hanson Research SR-6 with paddle stirrer. Each cell diffusion fill with arbutin gel (Â ± 2 grams), in 500mL buffer phosphate pH 7.0, temperature 37Â ºC, agitation 100 rpm. Samples (5mL) were taken at 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300, 330, and 360 minutes, replace with 5mL buffer phosphate pH 7.0 to keep volume constant. The absorbance of arbutin in the sample measured by spectrophotometer. The arbutin release (flux) from the base obtained from the slope of the linear regression of the correlation curve between arbutin releases accumulations versus square root of time. The penetration evaluation arbutin gel (United Stated Pharmacopoeia, 2002) In vitro study for the penetration of the arbutin in Carbomer gel base was measured by the modification method of the penetration test USP XXV and British Pharmacopoeia, 2002 with diffusion apparatus ERWEKA DT 700. The in vitro study was evaluated as follows: The arbutin gel (around 3 grams) was put in the diffusion cell then covers with the Millipore membrane which was impregnated with isopropyl-myristate as modified lipid membrane. Then the preparation of arbutin gel in diffusion cell was put into the penetration chamber contain 500 ml of phosphate buffer pH 6.5 Â ± 0.05 at 37 Â ± 0.5Â ºC as diffusion medium, and then the paddle was stirred 100 rpm. The sample solution around 5 ml was collected at 360 minutes after it penetrated. Determination of enzyme tyrosinase activity L-tyrosine solution 0.5 ml added with 3.0 ml sample solution that collected from compartment receptor after 360 minutes penetrated through Millipore membrane which was impregnated with isopropyl-myristate. The mixture was oxygenized 5 minutes then added with 1.0 ml tyrosinase solution. After incubated for 10 minutes at 25Â ºC the mixture was inactivated with 0.5 ml TCA solution and then the absorption value measured at maximum wavelength of dophacrome.5 The evaluation of inhibition of enzyme tyrosinase activity The inhibition of enzyme tyrosinase activity was performed as inhibition percent, which found from calculation of absorption value per second enzymatic reaction with inhibitor, compared with absorption value per second enzymatic reaction without inhibitor, using the following equation6: Whereas: A = absorption value (A/second) at dophacrome ÃŽ » maximum with inhibitor B = absorption value (A/second) at dophacrome ÃŽ » maximum without inhibitor The data (inhibition %) were analyzed with ANOVA one way method (p. Results and Discussion The result of this study, in table 2 shows that the pH of all formulas around 6 it mean appropriate with skin pH. The spreading profile of arbutin gel preparation shows in Figure 1 and spreading-capasity of arbutin gels at 20 gram ballast shows in table 3. Spreading-capacity was formulas spreading-diameter at same ballast weight. The result of ANOVA one way test of spreading-capacity found the value of Fcalculation (13.741) > Ftable (4.07). Its can conclude there were significant deference minimal one pair of spreading-capacity formulas data. To know which spreading-capacity formulas was significant deference it’s tested by Honestly Significant Deference (HSD) tests. The result of HSD test in table 4, that can concluded the spreading-capacity of formula 1 did not deference with control but higher than formula 2 and 3. Spreading-ability was the slope of linier-regression between spreading-diameter (cm) and ballast weight (gram), its shows in table 5. The slope value from its formulas was tested by ANOVA one way method, it’s found that the value of Fcalculation (0.274) table (4.07). So that can conclude it’s was no significant deference between spreading-ability of all formulas. Table1. Formulas of lightening product Arbutin release (flux) was calculated from the linier regression of the correlation curve between square root of time versus arbutin release accumulation. Slope (flux) of linier regression showed in table 6. To make sure if there is any difference of arbutin flux between formulas was done by statistical testing using ANOVA one way. It is showed that Fcalculation (50,918) > Ftable (4.07). From HSD result know that flux formula 1 and 2 not statistically different, but if compare with control and formula 3 were decrease. This might be caused by interaction between arbutin, sesame oil, and Tween. Tween is anionic surfactant which is amphiphil, it have affinity towards polar or non polar substance, such as arbutin and sesame oil. This interaction makes arbutin more difficult to release from bases. Another factor that may influence was viscosity from formula 1 and 2 which is more viscous than control, it cause arbutin molecules difficult release from bases also. The increase of viscosity m ay inhibit the movement of molecules to release from bases.7 Flux value of formula 3 not statistically different with control but higher than formula 1 and 2. It might be caused by addition of sesame oil reduce amount of water from formula. Decrease amount of water caused increase of arbutin concentration on water phase. Substance release from bases is known as diffusion. Based on Fick’s law, diffusion is the process by which molecules moved from compartment with high concentration to low concentration. The arbutin effectiveness as lightening agent calculated as inhibition percent (%) of enzyme tyrosinase activity. The result of arbutin inhibition percent (%) with enhancer sesame oil in Carbomer gels shows in table 7. Table 2: The arbutin gel pH values Figure 1: The spreading profile of arbutin gel with various concentration of sesame oil. Each value represents the mean of 3 determinations. Tabel 3: Spreading-capasity of arbutin gels at 20 gram ballast * The result were obtained from an average of 3 times replication Table 4: HSD test result of spreading- capacity value of arbutin gels Tabel 5: Arbutin gels spreading-ability * The result were obtained from an average of 3 times replication Tabel 6. Flux of arbutin release from gel bases Table 7: The arbutin effectivity (inhibition %) in carbomer gel formulas The result of ANOVA one way test of the arbutin effectiveness in carbomer gel formulas found the value of Fcalculation (23,582) > Ftable (4.07), and from the HSD test result was found inhibition percent of control Table 8: The HSD test result of arbutin effectivity (inhibisi %) in carbomer gel formulas Conclusion: Conclusion of this study was sesame oil addition 3 and 5% w/w decreased arbutin release, sesame oil addition 3, 5 and 7% w/w increased arbutin penetrations. Increasing of arbutin effectiveness more is caused by enhancer effect of sesame oil. Acknowledgement: This study was supported financially by Project Grant of Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya Indonesia. References: Takada, K. and Tanaka, Y., 2000. Depigmentation Agents. In: Elsner, P., Mailbach, H.I. (Eds.). Cosmeuticals and Active Cosmetics: Drugs Versus Cosmetics, New York: Marcell Dekker, Inc., p.512 Zulkarnain, I., 2003, Cosmetics Skin Lightening and The Problem in Periodic Dermatology and Venereology, Vol.15, No.1, April 2003, pp. 47-53. Alvarez, A., and Rodriguez, M., 2000. Lipid in Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Preparation, Vol.51 Fasc 1-2. Sevilla: Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevila. Dinda, S.C., and Ratna, Vijay. 2008. Enhancement of Skin Permeation of Ibuprofen from Ointments and Gels by Sesame Oil, Sunflower Oil, and Oleic Acid. Available: http://www.ijpsonline.com Avanti, C., 2003. Uji Spektrofotometrik Kinetika Hambatan Kojic Acid terhadap Aktivitas MushroomTyrosinase. Berkala Ilmu Penyakit Kulit dan Kelamin. Vol. 15 No. 1 Agustus 3 hal. 23-27 Luanratana, O., Gritsadapong, P., 2005. Anti-Tyrosinase Activities of The extracts from Thai Mulberry Twigs and The Whitening Cream. Journal ot the National Research Council of Thailand. Vol.37, No.2. 2005. Martin, A., et al, 1993. Physical Pharmacy, Physical Chemical Principles in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3rd Ed, Lea Febiger

Creating A Writing Technology :: Teaching Writing Education Essays

Creating A Writing Technology â€Å"Enhanced separation of the known from the knower is probably the most fundamental value of writing, from its beginnings to the present. Between knower and known writing interposes a visible and tangible object, the text (Ong, 327).† LOT 509 PLEASE PUT DRYWALL INSIDE THE GARAGE Above is what I wrote using my creative writing technology. I am a general contractor and have my own construction/home improvement company. The company is called Rock Water Construction. With my full school schedule I haven’t had the time to take on huge jobs. However I am able to take on Drywall jobs that don’t require a full days work to complete. I recently ordered drywall to be delivered on Thursday to finish a basement that I had been working on. Due to the upcoming weather predictions that called for rain, I decided to have the drywall put into the garage until I was able to move it to the basement, in order to protect it from the rain and also theft. I requested this from the drywall company and knew that it needed to be put into the garage, however if the driver didn’t happen to read the instructions on the invoice, the driver would have left the drywall by the curb. I was able to separate the known, (the drywall needed to be placed in the garage), from the knower, (my mind) through the tangible object (the sign) that contained my text. The house that I am working at is in a new subdivision so lot numbers are a lot easier to locate for the delivery drivers. â€Å"There were other graphite deposits around the world, but their ore was not particularly pure. Impure ore crumbled or produced a scratchy line†¦with his supply of English graphite permanently embargoed, the French pencil-maker Nicholas-Jaques Contà © learned to produce a workable writing medium by grinding the local graphite, mixing it with clay and water, and forcing the mixture into wooden casings (Baron, 44).† Normally I would use a permanent marker or spray paint on a piece of wood to make my sign, however since I had to create a writing technology I chose to use charcoal and a piece of scrap drywall to create my â€Å"text†.

Political Contention Essay

Solita Collas-Monsod is a professor at the University of the Philippines: Diliman and a writer in the Philippine Daily Inquirer. Solita Collas-Monsod’s article entitled â€Å"The Trillanes Myth† was published or appeared in the Philippine Daily Inquirer and was last updated in September 3, 2007. The author was able to catch the attention of its audience, and she was able to effectively use the title of her article to give a bird’s eye view of what is stored for the readers. She also starts her column through a statement of her stand regarding the issue being discussed. The author wanted to show or inform the audience and or the readers of the Philippine Daily Inquirer about the Trillanes group which started a coup d’ etat in Oakwood Hotel, or the well known â€Å"Oakwood ‘Mutiny†, wherein there were 300 uniformed military officers and men who were guided or led by Sen. Antonio Trillanes IV. Her arguments also state that the Court, led by July 25 order of RTC Judge Oscar B. Pimentel, should continue its firm stand with regards to imposing the necessary law or exercise government authority, without validation of the badges of inequality. She assumed that the world, more specifically the sympathizers of the Trillanes group or the military officers, should not be deranged or persuaded by the â€Å"idealisms and principles† of the Trillanes group. She also states that the audience, we, should not be blinded by the myths or lies which the Trillanes group gives us, and that we should stick or be firm with our government rules about coup d’etats. Solita Collas-Monsod values the truth and in seeking proper justice for such violators of the law. She strongly believes that proper justice or punishment in accordance with the government laws should be imposed on the Trillanes group, and we should do this objectively, not subjectively. Monsod was able to define terms clearly in her article. Solita Collas-Monsod did her assignment or did basic research, thus, she was able to support her arguments with ample and enough facts. The argument for me is successful, and it does convince me. There are facts or sufficient supporting statements used by Monsod in her article and these facts or statements seem really reliable. My beliefs and line of thinking was the same as Monsod with regards to the â€Å"Oakwood ‘Mutiny†, more specifically about the Trillanes group. Monsod’s argument strengthened my former belief about proper government execution of its laws . Politically speaking, this is really an eye-opening article not only to the public but to the government and its officials as well, more specifically to the Judicial Court. There are times when I had small doubts with regards the Judiciary system of the Philippines before, but because of Monsod’s article, and facts that she stated about the actions taken by the Court, led by Judge Pimentel, these doubts are not gone. I believe that indeed, the political world still has its â€Å"impartiality. † Solita Collas-Monsod’s article affects the political process by simply strengthening the implementation of Judicial law and in informing the public about the Trillanes group. The government and the public, or the audience, are at the advantage, whereas the Trillanes group is definitely in the losing end. Work Cited: Collas-Monsod, Solita. â€Å"The Trillanes Myth. † The Philippine Daily Inquirer, 2007.

Human Resource Essay

The paper would revolve around the discussion done over the concern regarding the rising wages of labor along with the decline in the supply of labor from China, which was previously considered to be the hub of labors from where the labor was supplied to other countries at a cheaper cost. Let’s discuss this issue in detail along with the explanation regarding the measures being taken by the organizations to change their human resource strategies. Answer – 1  Competing on the basis of labor costs can generate both positive and as well as negative outcomes for a company, or country. Talking about the brighter side, companies these days strive to achieve the optimum profitability level in order to stay in the competition. Therefore, what they do is to hire employees on part-time basis where employees would be paid on the basis of work they would do along with the working hours. This usually happens when the companies start a new venture such as, product development, its launching, or promotion. It does save huge costs for the company, but the turnover rate rises drastically. Talking about the negative side of the picture, either it is the company or country; it would result in a high turnover rate that often increases the costs such as, training costs. It is because when employees are hired by the companies, they must be trained about the job description that they are held responsible of. Therefore, investments are made by either sending them abroad or arranging workshops or training sessions. Obviously, when employees don’t get enough pay, they would leave their jobs; moreover, the supply of labor within the country would get minimized because workers might leave their country and go abroad to work for MNCs. Answer – 2 There is absolutely no doubt that many organizations consider their workforce as a main asset since the utilization of resources depend on their skills and abilities. Employees often demand the companies to value them, give them some autonomy, and involve them in the key managerial decisions where they can suggest new ideas. Companies, in order to keep their employees satisfied, introduce certain compensation packages and training sessions so that the employees think of themselves as part of the organization and get motivated. When managers invest over the training sessions and involve their subordinates in the key decisions, it becomes necessary for them to retain them at any cost or else they would leave their jobs. This would result in the loss of intellectual capital and loss of investment that was made to groom them by polishing their skills. As compared to the costs that incur for training the employees, the cost of labor force is much more than that. The reason is that when employees are trained and are retained by the company, it benefits the company not only in the short-run, but also in the long-run. Whereas on the flipside, when those skillful employees leave the company the labor costs take a domino effect because the firm would lose those employees, the investment made on them, and would have to recruit others, and then train them again. Consequently, these companies must focus on retention of employees, and that can be done by offering them attractive compensation packages, further training, giving autonomy, and promotion. Answer – 3 Companies these days are really focusing on reshaping their human resource strategies and forming them in such a way that not only keeps the employees contented, but also benefit the overall organization. There are several ways adopted by the firms these days and are explained below. Organizations these days encourage and support the presence of collectivist attitude. Collectivists define themselves by their group membership, give group goals priority over their personal goals, put more emphasis on harmonious relationships and experience more socially based emotions† (Robbins & Judge, 2007) Moreover, individual rights is are also emphasized, that is to ensure the freedom of movement, physical security, and freedom of speech. Emphases are laid on the presence of health and safety and ensure the condemnation of actions or choices that are not safe for people, actions that violate law and ethical principles. Equal employment opportunities are ensured where they hire individuals based on their intellect, creativity, enthusiasm and the presence of Emotional Intelligence. In working structure, they value team relationship, team work, and team achievements; moreover, their employees value the importance of effective communication and employee involvement while making certain decisions and delegating the tasks. There ratio of discrimination seems to be getting lessened; everyone is given equal opportunities and there is no glass ceiling for females or people from different backgrounds. When it comes to improving and retaining the skills of employees, many organizations rely on the concept of Employability, i. e. – to continuously improve the employee’s working skills by the time to meet the requirements – (Daft, 1997). Answer – 4 Since the competition for workers in China is heating up where high wages are demanded by them and at the same time, companies seek to cut their redundant costs, especially from payrolls; therefore, employers would definitely shape some of the terms and conditions regarding the working conditions, job type, compensation, working hours, and job security. First of all, since the supply of well-educated and skillful workers is less in China, so firms would have to recruit those who are available even if they are demanding high wages. Of Among these workers, many of them come from abroad to find best possible job opportunity. Another change that can be made is in the working hours, where companies can decide the job type, job status, and working hours of a worker before recruiting him or her. In this case, a contract would be signed between the worker and the company in which all the responsibilities and liabilities of both of them would be outlined, along with the penalties that either party would have to pay in case of violating the contract. A very enticing strategy that can be brought on is to introduce the Performance-based compensation play, where the employees whether they are contractual or regular, would be paid on the basis of their performance and productivity level. Moreover, chances of promotion would only be for those who perform well and benefit the organization. This would result in provoking the motivation among the employees to gain more knowledge and skills, perform better, and abide by the rules and regulations. Not only this, the turnover rate that China is currently facing, would decline to a great extent and would attract the best available talent, which would be beneficial for both the employees and the business.